353 Emperor Constantine’s three sons:
1. Constantine II
2. Constans
3. Constantius
• They killed hundreds of their father’s offspring except Gallus who was sick and Julian who was a youth when Constantine died in 337.
• Constans slew Constantine II and then was killed by a barbarian in battle.
• Constantius became sole emperor in 353.
• Constantius began a violent suppression of heathen religion when he pillaged and destroyed temples, gave booty to the church and prohibited all sacrifices and worship of images in Rome, Alexander, and Athens.
• Obviously, many people became “Christian” (if only in lip service).
• Constantius was an Arian and punished those who held to Nicene orthodoxy.
Athanasius wrote at this time:
“Satan, because there is no truth in him, breaks in with axe and sword. But the Savior is gentle, and forces no one, to whom he comes, but knocks and speaks to the soul . . . If we open to him, he enters; but if we will not, he departs. For the truth is not preached by sword and dungeon, by might of an army, but by persuasion and exhortation. How can there be persuasion where fear of the emperor is uppermost? How exhortation, where the contradicter has to expect banishment and death?”
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