Song of Solomon (or, Song of Songs) is similar in style to love poetry in Egypt from around the time of the Judges or the nineteenth and twentieth dynasties of Egypt (1305-1150 BC) (Papyrus Harris 500; The Cairo Love Songs; The Turin Love Song; The Papyrus Chester Beatty I Songs see HERE).
The Song of Solomon is similar to an album of songs or a musical. The book is a collection of several songs that are sung back and forth by:
- A male singer (“Lover”)
- A female singer (“Beloved”)
- A female chorus (“Friends” of the girl or the female singer)
The singing begins with the female singer, the “Beloved” girl embarrassed and apologizing about her dark skin. In her part of the world and in her ancient culture dark skin from working in the sun was common. White skin was preferred because it was the color of the skin of the wealthy and the upper class who had servants to do the work. The color of the skin was not racial, but a social distinction. Skin color indicated class of people not race in this reference by the girl.
We do not know why her brothers were upset with her, but because of their decision she had to spend her time outside caring for the family vineyard (literally) and she did not have time to take care of her own vineyard (metaphorically her body, namely her skin).
She then addresses her boyfriend who is a shepherd. She asks him where they can rendezvous over his lunch hour. He needs to give her a time and a location otherwise she will have to cover her face with a veil and go out in public looking for him.
At this point in the musical (Song of Solomon 1:8) the female choir, which is made up of the girlfriend’s friends, giving her clues and general directions to her boyfriend.
In Song of Solomon 1:9-11 the boyfriend begins to speak/sing. First, he compares her appearance to that of one of Pharaoh’s chariot horses which were always exceptionally adorned in decorations and gold as is attested to many images and wall carvings (See Tutakhamen’s horses HERE). Or, he could be saying if she, a beautiful mare, ventured out among the shepherds there would be a commotion among the stallions (males). He then promises a gift of gold earrings with studs of silver to add to her beauty. The boy seems to be doing fairly well financially as a shepherd! So, he may be speaking metaphorically.
The girlfriend responds by calling her boyfriend “the king.” She speaks of the fragrance of her perfume reaching her boyfriend. And, likewise, his presence to her is like the rare, expensive spices from En Gedi, an oasis high above the western shore of the Dead Sea.
The boy responds by saying, “Your eyes are doves.” It is possible based on ancient sources that doves where a symbol of love or sexual attraction. This might be similar to our modern use of the shape of a heart. A cylinder seal from 1750 shows a goddess disrobing before a god and doves fluttering above her head to give a clear indication of her intent. The dove is used as an image of sexual arousal and love in ancient artwork in Assyria, Mitanni and Greece. (Doves HERE) |