The writer of the book of Hebrews is writing to a group of Jews (most likely in Jerusalem, but even to a Messianic synagogue in Rome or Corinth) who had entered the Christian faith several years before this letter. The faith and practice of this group of Jews had drifted away from Christian doctrine and back into the local beliefs and rituals of Judaism from the Old Testament’s revelation, thus neglecting the New Testament revelation. The focus of this letter is not to reject the Old Testament as false, but to demonstrate it as inferior, incomplete and inadequate. This first century document written around 68 AD stresses the superiority of the New Testament revelation when compared to the Old Testament and focuses on the superiority of Jesus to prophets, angels, Moses and Joshua in 1:1-4:13; the superiority of Jesus’ priesthood compared to the Levitical priesthood in 4:14-7:28; and the superiority of Jesus’ covenant, his heavenly Temple and his sacrifice when compared to the covenant of the Law, the earthly tabernacle/temple and the Levitical sacrificial system (8:1-10:39).
The book begins with an intense single sentence in the Greek that extends through the first four verses (1:1-4). Hebrews 1:1 introduces the revelation that was given to the Jews of the Old Testament by God as coming through many prophets at many different times while using a variety of methods. There was nothing wrong with this method or this message, except when it is compared to God’s latest revelation which was direct communication through his Son, Jesus Christ. This latest, complete revelation makes the past revelations of the prophets fragmented and incomplete.
In verse 1:2 the author connects Jesus, the Son of God, to the past – “through whom also he made the universe” – and, to the future – “whom he appointed heir of all things.” The message of Jesus is superior because all of the past and all of the future are found through him and in him. And, this is how the author of Hebrews begins the first half of the opening sentence of the book of Hebrews. |
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