James strings together ten imperatives in verses 7-10 of chapter four that resemble military commands demanding action. The first three are:
- Submit to God
- Resist the devil
- Come near to God
The second and third come with a promise of success. The devil will flee when you resist and
God will come near when you come near to him.
“Submit” is a compound verb hupotagete made of hupo, “under,” and tasso, “to order, to place, to station.” Used here in the imperative this is demanding that the believers willing take their place
under the authority of God. The readers must do it since God is not forcing obedience.
“Resist” is the Greek word histemi, “to stand,” with anti, “against” used as its preface. Together
these form a military action of antistete, “to stand against,” or “resist.” |